Texas A&M AgriLife has recommendations for the fall garden during October.
Carefully harvest material for dried arrangements at this time. Choose cockscomb, flowering artemisia, already mature okra pods, flowering oregano stalks and others to enhance fall and winter bouquets.
October-November is an excellent time to purchase bulbs while you still have a good selection in the garden center. They may be planted at any time with the exception of tulips and hyacinths.
Chill tulip and hyacinth bulbs in the refrigerator until mid- or late December before planting. The lower part of the refrigerator is best. Do not leave bulbs in airtight plastic bags during refrigerated storage.
Plant bulbs in well-prepared beds so the base of the bulb is at a depth that is three times the diameter of the bulb. In sandy soil, set slightly deeper and in clay soils less deeply.
Start collecting leaves for the compost pile. Be sure to have extra soil available so that each 6-inch layer of leaves may be covered with several inches of soil. Always wet the layer of leaves thoroughly before adding the soil. Add about 1 pound of a complete lawn or garden fertilizer to each layer of leaves to provide the necessary nitrogen for decomposition.
In addition to bulbs, check your nursery or garden center for started plants of snapdragons, pinks, sweet williams, poppies and calendulas. Planted now in south and east Texas, they will usually provide a riot of spring color; wait until late winter or early spring to plant in north Texas.
Keep Christmas cactus in a sunny spot where night temperatures can be kept below 65 degrees. Buds will drop if you allow night temperatures to go above 70 degrees or if you allow the plant to become excessively dry. They should also be kept in total darkness 5 p.m.-8 a.m. for about 30 days in October to initiate flower buds.
If you have saved seeds of your favorite plants, allow them to become air dry, then place them in an airtight container and store in the refrigerator. Be sure to label each packet carefully. Remember, seed from hybrid plants will seldom resemble the parent plant.
Prepare beds for planting pansies when they become available at the garden centers. They need a well-drained soil and exposure to at least a halfday of sun. It is best to use started plants, as seeds are difficult to handle.
If you are planning to save caladium tubers for another year, dig them in late October and allow to dry in a well-ventilated but shady area. After 7-10 days, remove leaves and dirt, then pack in dry peat moss, vermiculite or similar material for storage. Pack tubers so they do not touch each other. Dust with all-purpose fungicide as you pack. Place the container in an area where temperature won’t drop below 50 degrees.
If twig girdlers have worked over your trees so that many twigs and branches are dropping, make sure these are collected and destroyed, as the eggs deposited in that portion of the branch that drops to the ground.
There is still time to divide and reset such perennials as phlox, violets, hollyhocks, irises, day lilies and shasta daisies.
October is a good time to reduce the insect and disease potential in next year’s garden. Clean up the garden, removing all annuals that have completed their life cycle. Remove the tops of all herbaceous perennials that have finished flowering or as soon as frost has killed the leaves.
Holly plants with a heavy set of fruit often suffer a fertilizer deficiency. An application of complete fertilizer late this month can be helpful and provide a head start next spring.
Plant seeds of sweet peas in south and east Texas during October and November. Select a site where there is at least a half-day of sun and protection from north winds.
For more information on this or any other agricultural topic, please contact the Hopkins County Extension Office at 903-885-3443.
COMING UP
• Wednesday, Oct. 28: Dairyman Fall Conference (DOPA) at the Southwest Dairy Museum. Cost is $10. Call 903-885-3443 by Oct. 16 to register.
• Wednesday, Nov. 4: Private Applicator Credits at the Hopkins County Regional Civic Center in Sulphur Springs. Cost is $30. Call 903-885-3443 by Oct. 16 to register. (Private applicator licenses and certificates are valid for five years, and the applicator must obtain 15 CEUs during that time to renew, including two credits in laws and regulations and two credits in integrated pest management.)